EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy is a psychotherapy approach designed to help individuals process distressing memories and experiences. It was originally developed by psychologist Francine Shapiro in the late 1980s. The therapy involves a structured eight-phase approach during which the therapist guides the client through recalling distressing experiences while simultaneously directing their eye movements or using other forms of bilateral stimulation (such as taps or sounds). The theory behind EMDR is that these bilateral stimulations help the brain reprocess traumatic memories, leading to reduced emotional distress and symptoms associated with past trauma.
Here are the eight phases typically
involved in EMDR therapy:
History taking and treatment planning:
The therapist gathers information about the client’s history and identifies specific memories or issues to target during therapy.
Preparation:
The therapist explains the EMDR process and helps the client develop coping skills to manage emotional distress.
Assessment:
The therapist identifies the specific memories or issues to target and assesses the associated emotions and beliefs.
Desensitization:
The client focuses on a distressing memory while simultaneously undergoing bilateral stimulation (eye movements, taps, or sounds) guided by the therapist. This phase aims to reduce the vividness and emotional charge of the memory.
Installation:
Positive beliefs and associations are reinforced to replace negative beliefs associated with the distressing memory.
Body scan:
The client checks for any residual tension or discomfort related to the memory.
Closure: The session is closed down, ensuring the client feels stable before leaving.
Reevaluation:
At the beginning of each subsequent session, the therapist reassesses the progress and identifies any new areas to target.
EMDR therapy is primarily used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but has also been applied to other conditions such as anxiety, depression, phobias, and chronic pain. Its effectiveness has been supported by research, although the specific mechanisms of action are still a topic of ongoing study and debate within the field of psychology.
