It can be challenging, but there are several common indicators to watch for:

1. Changes in Behavior: Look for significant changes in behavior such as sudden mood swings, irritability, secrecy, or unexplained disappearances.
2. Physical Signs: Physical signs can include bloodshot eyes, dilated or constricted pupils (depending on the substance), sudden weight loss or gain, poor hygiene, and unusual odors on breath, body, or clothing.
3. Neglecting Responsibilities: Notice if they start neglecting important responsibilities at work, school, or home. This could include missing work or school, neglecting household chores, or withdrawing from social activities.
4. Financial Issues: Addicts often experience financial problems due to spending money on substances or activities related to their addiction. Look for unexplained expenses, frequent requests for money, or borrowing money without repayment.
5. Changes in Social Circle: Pay attention to changes in their social circle. They may start associating with new friends who are involved in substance use or addictive behaviors.
6. Psychological Signs: Look for signs of psychological distress such as anxiety, depression, paranoia, or sudden mood swings without apparent cause.
7. Physical Health Issues: Addiction can lead to deteriorating physical health. Watch for signs like frequent illnesses, chronic fatigue, or unexplained injuries.
8. Changes in Eating or Sleeping Patterns: Notice if their eating habits change significantly (loss of appetite or increased appetite) or if they have irregular sleep patterns (insomnia or excessive sleep).
9. Denial or Defensiveness: When confronted, addicts may become defensive or deny any problems. They may also minimize their substance use or its impact on their life.
10. Loss of Interest: An addict may lose interest in activities or hobbies they previously enjoyed. They may also withdraw from family or social interactions.

If you observe several of these signs persistently over time, it may indicate that your loved one is struggling with addiction. It’s important to approach the situation with compassion and seek professional guidance to intervene effectively and support them in getting the help they need.